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Study hall with tables

reflection on context

Higher Education

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A South African Context

In 2019, I started working as an orthodontic lecturer at the University of the Western Cape in South Africa. The beginning of my academic career was accompanied by several obstacles and a changing environment in higher education. 

Understanding the complex relationships within our nation's educational system has proven essential since the status of the country has a significant influence on our tertiary institutions and the diverse body of students they enroll. The years that followed were characterized by significant changes, molded by a dedication to improving student learning experiences regardless of the challenges we face.

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Higher education in South Africa has always grappled with numerous challenges. From student protests to demanding financial assistance from state intervention, the landscape is a complex one. Universities face financial strains due to insufficient government funding and mass admissions pressure to maintain quality education with limited resources. There is a substantial financial load on students. Sufficient financial assistance has a pivotal role in determining not only the availability of education but also the entire living expenses including medical care. The impact of prior high school education, social connections, and personality development also play a vital role. Within my class, are marked differences in race, social class, and language. This complicates the journey for many students, making it essential for universities to provide comprehensive support. Complexity increases when we are faced with staffing challenges and the continuous need to evolve curricula to keep pace with technological advancements.  Adam Habib (2016) and other scholars have noted that despite decades of democracy, our universities still strive to match their global counterparts, hindered by lingering social disparities from our historical background.​​

University of the

Western Cape Context

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In light of this, the University of the Western Cape (UWC) has become a symbol of advancement and promise. UWC is committed to addressing societal needs through involved research, teaching, and learning, as evidenced by its ranking as the 121st top university in emerging economies. Lev Vygotsky's emphasis on social interaction, sociocultural contexts, and language in learning has had a profound influence on me as a social constructivist. This concept serves as the foundation for both my teaching strategies and the larger educational environment at UWC. It encompasses the zone of proximal development and scaffolding approaches.

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One of the cornerstones of my teaching philosophy is flexible learning. I firmly believe that providing students with flexible access to learning experiences significantly enhances their growth and success. Flexible learning, as defined by Gordon (2014), allows students to control the time, place, pace, learning style, content, assessment, and pathways of their education. This approach fosters independence, responsibility, and a sense of ownership over their educational journey.

 

Incorporating flexible learning into my teaching has transformed my classroom. I have introduced flipped classrooms, online activities, and practice question sessions, allowing students to engage with the material in various ways. Learning happens both synchronously and asynchronously, accommodating diverse learning preferences and schedules. My classroom now features different learning stations, including posters, mini-quizzes, and video clips, providing a variety of teaching activities that cater to individual learning styles.

 

The results have been encouraging. Students have reported that technology-enhanced lessons have improved their understanding of the topics. Within a short period, student performance has improved by 10%, demonstrating the effectiveness of flexible learning. This approach not only helps students grasp the content better but also creates a more engaging and supportive learning environment.

 

At UWC, enhancing the student learning experience is a priority. According to the UWC Institutional Operating Plan (IOP), Goal 2, improving the student learning experience is essential and can be achieved by incorporating diverse teaching activities and exercises. UWC aims to be a research-driven institution, where classroom activities are informed by the research interests and activities of our staff. This commitment to integrating cutting-edge research and real-life experiences into our teaching methods makes the learning process more relevant and engaging for students.

 

The rapid evolution of the digital world necessitates that lecturers continually enhance their understanding of technological advancements and their impact on student learning. By staying updated on digital trends and integrating them into our teaching methods, we can create a more effective and efficient learning environment for our students. This approach not only enriches the learning experience but also prepares students to succeed in an ever-changing world.

 

The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges, requiring a multimodal transition of teaching methods. Innovation became essential to ensure that teaching and learning could continue effectively. Faced with necessity, we embraced online teaching and developed innovative approaches for clinical assessment. Through self-research and the use of various tools such as iKamva (UWC's Learning Management System), email, Google Drive apps, Google Meet, Zoom calls, and WhatsApp, we successfully achieved our learning outcomes without face-to-face contact.

 

In the orthodontics module, the focus is predominantly on understanding and attaining diagnostic goals before implementing hands-on clinical skills. During the pandemic, we emphasized theoretical knowledge through online learning. Once students returned to the clinics, we concentrated on hands-on skills to catch up on missed sessions. The pandemic challenged us to think creatively and adapt quickly, ultimately enhancing our teaching methods and ensuring that our students continued to receive a comprehensive and effective education.

 

Reflecting on my journey as an orthodontic lecturer, I am filled with a sense of accomplishment and gratitude. The challenges we have faced and the innovations we have embraced have shaped a dynamic and resilient educational environment. As I continue on this path, I am committed to fostering a culture of continuous improvement, ensuring that our students are well-prepared for the future and equipped to make meaningful contributions to society.

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Enhancing Student Abilities for Higher Education

Higher education should be designed to foster student development and improvement, aligning with the skills identified by the World Economic Forum (2017). These skills are crucial for thriving in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and include:

 

  • - Complex critical thinking

  • - Basic reasoning

  • - Creativity

  • - People skills

  • - Collaboration skills

  • - Emotional intelligence

  • - Judgment and decision-making

  • - Leadership orientation

  • - Negotiation

  • - Computational thinking

  • - Cognitive adaptability

 

Many students seeking higher education come from diverse educational, financial, social, language, and life-experience backgrounds. They often face challenges in adapting to the demands of tertiary education. As we strive to increase participation rates, we must acknowledge the associated challenges of access and success in higher education.

 

In South Africa, higher education institutions need to broaden access, especially for students from disadvantaged and deprived socio-economic backgrounds. This commitment to inclusivity ensures that all students have the opportunity to develop the necessary skills to succeed in an ever-evolving world.

These are BDS 3 students completing a questionnaire after revising the content. Visual aids, ppt, and a video were at their disposal as a learning activity. They could choose any or all activities until the content was mastered. The quizz was seen as an exit ticket. I would like to continue offering these learning methods as a means of revision, to those students needing it most. All the students who participated passed the final orthodontic exam  successfully..

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Students learning at their own pace in groups of two, in preparation for the November exam

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Flexible Learning

Incorporating flexible learning into my teaching has transformed my classroom. I have introduced flipped classrooms, online activities, and practice question sessions, allowing students to engage with the material in various ways. Learning happens both at scheduled times (synchronous learning) and at students' own pace and convenience (asynchronous activities).

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​In the classroom, students move freely between different learning stations, including posters, mini-quizzes, and video clips, all covering the same content. This variety of teaching activities caters to different learning preferences, giving students the freedom to customize their learning experiences.

Results and Feedback

Students have commented on how technology-enhanced lessons have improved their understanding of the topics. Within a short time, student results have improved by 20%, demonstrating the effectiveness of flexible learning. This approach not only helps students grasp the content better but also fosters a more engaging and supportive learning environment.

Video kahoots 2020 (ORT320) Blended Learning:

Learning outcome- Malocclusion

UWC IOP:GOAL 2

Enhancing the Student Learning Experience at UWC

According to the UWC Institutional Operating Plan (IOP), Goal 2:

Improving the student learning experience is essential, and this can be achieved by incorporating various teaching activities and exercises. At UWC, we prioritize excellence in teaching and learning, along with a strong emphasis on research and scholarship.

 

UWC aims to be a research-driven institution where classroom activities are informed by the research interests and activities of our staff. This means that our teaching is grounded in cutting-edge research and real-life experiences, making the learning process more relevant and engaging for students.

 

As the digital world evolves rapidly, it is crucial for lecturers to continually enhance their understanding of these changes and how they impact student learning. By staying updated on technological advancements and integrating them into our teaching methods, we can create a more effective and efficient learning environment for our students.

 

Incorporating diverse teaching methods and staying informed about the latest research and digital trends not only enriches the learning experience but also prepares our students to succeed in an ever-changing world.

COVID-19 & Innovative Teaching Solutions

The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges that required a multimodal transition of teaching methods. Innovation became essential to ensure that teaching and learning could continue effectively. When faced with necessity, change becomes inevitable. We not only embraced online teaching but also developed innovative approaches for clinical assessment.

 

Through self-research and the use of various tools such as iKamva (UWC's Learning Management System), email, Google Drive apps, Google Meet, Zoom calls, and WhatsApp, we successfully achieved our learning outcomes without face-to-face contact.

 

In the orthodontics module, 80% of the focus is on understanding and attaining diagnostic goals before implementing hands-on clinical skills. This theoretical knowledge was emphasized during online learning. Once students returned to the clinics, we concentrated on hands-on skills to catch up on missed sessions.

 

The pandemic challenged us to think creatively and adapt quickly, ultimately enhancing our teaching methods and ensuring that our students continued to receive a comprehensive and effective education.

 

These are BDS 3 students completing a questionnaire after revising the content. Visual aids, ppt as well as a video were at their disposal as a learning activity. They could choose any or all activities until the content was mastered. The quiz was seen as an exit ticket. I would like to continue offering these learning methods as a means of revision, to those students needing it most. All the students who participated passed the final orthodontic exam successfully.

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The transition to online was immediate and challenging, yet rewarding.

References

Birnbaumer DM. Bedside teaching, 2004. Available at: http://www.cordem.org/facdev/2004meeting/birn1.doc

 

 

Gordon, N., (2014). Flexible Pedagogies: technology-enhanced learning. From the report series Flexible Pedagogies: Preparing for the Future. The Higher Education Academy, January. Online at: http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/resources/detail/ flexible learning/flexible pedagogies/tech_enha nced_learning/main_report [Accessed 30 Sept 2016].

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Habib, A. (2016). Transcending the Past and Reimagining the Future of the South African University. Journal of Southern African Studies, 42(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2016.1121716

 

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Leibowitz (2013): Understanding the challenges of the South African Higher Education Landscape. In B. Leibowitz,  V Boalek, I  Swartz, V Carolissen and P Rohleder (Eds) Community, self and identity: Educating South African university students for citizenship. Cape Town: HSRC Press: 3-18.

 

  

Ling, P., Arger, G., Smallwood, H., Toomey, R., Kirkpatrick, D., & Barnard, I. (2001). The Effectiveness of Models of Flexible Provision of Higher Education, Retrieved June 15, 2007, from http://www.dest.gov.au/highered/eippubs/eip01_9/default.htm.

 

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Spady, W. 1970. Dropouts from higher education: An interdisciplinary review and synthesis. Interchange 1(1): 64–85. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214313

 

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Msila, V. & Gumbo, M. (2016). Africanising the curriculum: Indigenous perspectives and theories. Stellenbosch: African SunMedia. https://doi.org/10.18820/9780992236083

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